Transcription vs. Translation

Evolution, or the change in species over time, is driven by the process of natural selection. In order for natural selection to work, individuals within a population of a species must have differences within the traits they express. Individuals with the desirable traits and   for their environment will survive long enough to reproduce and pass down the genes that code for those characteristics to their offspring. Individuals that are deemed â€Å"unfit† for their environment will die before they are able to pass down those undesirable genes to the next generation. Over time, only the genes that code for the desirable adaptation will be found in the gene pool. The availability of these traits are dependent upon gene expression. Gene expression is made possible by the proteins that are made by cells during   and translation. Since genes are coded for in the DNA and the DNA is transcribed and translated into proteins, the expression of the genes are controlled by which portions of the DNA get copied and made into the proteins. Transcription The first step of gene expression is called transcription. Transcription is creation of a  messenger RNA molecule that is the complement of a single strand of DNA. Free floating RNA nucleotides get matched up to the DNA following the base pairing rules. In transcription, adenine is paired with uracil in RNA and guanine is paired with cytosine. The RNA polymerase molecule puts the messenger RNA nucleotide sequence in the correct order and binds them together. It is also the enzyme that is responsible for checking for mistakes or mutations in the sequence. Following transcription, the messenger RNA molecule is processed through a process called RNA splicing. Parts of the messenger RNA that do not code for the protein that needs to be expressed are cut out and the pieces are spliced back together. Additional protective caps and tails are added to the messenger RNA at this time as well. Alternative splicing can be done to the RNA to make a single strand of messenger RNA able to produce many different genes. Scientists believe this is how adaptations can occur without mutations happening at the molecular level. Now that the messenger RNA is fully processed, it can leave the nucleus through the nuclear pores within the nuclear envelope and proceed to the cytoplasm where it will meet up with a ribosome and undergo translation. This second part of gene expression is where the actual polypeptide that will eventually become the expressed protein is made. In translation, the messenger RNA gets sandwiched between the large and small subunits of the ribosome. Transfer RNA will bring over the correct amino acid to the ribosome and messenger RNA complex. The transfer RNA recognizes the messenger RNA codon, or three nucleotide sequence, by matching up its own anit-codon complement and binding to the messenger RNA strand. The ribosome moves to allow another transfer RNA to bind and the amino acids from these transfer RNA create a peptide bond between them and severing the bond between the amino acid and the transfer RNA. The ribosome moves again and the now free transfer RNA can go find another amino acid and be reused. This process continues until the ribosome reaches a â€Å"stop† codon and at that point, the polypeptide chain and the messenger RNA are released from the ribosome. The ribosome and messenger RNA can be used again for further translation and the polypeptide chain can go off for some more processing to be made into a protein. The rate at which transcription and translation occur drive evolution, along with the chosen alternative splicing of the messenger RNA. As new genes are expressed and frequently expressed, new proteins are made and new adaptations and traits can be seen in the species. Natural selection then can work on these different variants and the species becomes stronger and survives longer. Translation The second major step in gene expression is called translation. After the messenger RNA makes a complementary strand to a single strand of DNA in transcription, it then gets processed during RNA splicing and is then ready for translation. Since the process of translation occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell, it has to first move out of the nucleus through the nuclear pores and out into the cytoplasm where it will encounter the ribosomes needed for translation. Ribosomes are an organelle within a cell that helps assemble proteins. Ribosomes are made up of ribosomal RNA and can either be free floating in the cytoplasm or bound to the endoplasmic reticulum making it rough endoplasmic reticulum. A ribosome has two subunits - a larger upper subunit and the smaller lower subunit. A strand of messenger RNA is held between the two subunits as it goes through the process of translation. The upper subunit of the ribosome has three binding sites called the â€Å"A†, â€Å"P† and â€Å"E† sites. These sites sit on top of the messenger RNA codon, or a three nucleotide sequence that codes for an amino acid. The amino acids are brought to the ribosome as an attachment to a transfer RNA molecule. The transfer RNA has an anti-codon, or complement of the messenger RNA codon, on one end and an amino acid that the codon specifies on the other end. The transfer RNA fits into the â€Å"A†, â€Å"P† and â€Å"E† sites as the polypeptide chain is built. The first stop for the transfer RNA is a â€Å"A† site. The â€Å"A† stands for aminoacyl-tRNA, or a transfer RNA molecule that has an amino acid attached to it. This is where the anti-codon on the transfer RNA meets up with the codon on the messenger RNA and binds to it. The ribosome then moves down and the transfer RNA is now within the â€Å"P† site of the ribosome. The â€Å"P† in this case stands for peptidyl-tRNA. In the â€Å"P† site, the amino acid from the transfer RNA gets attached via a peptide bond to the growing chain of amino acids making a polypeptide. At this point, the amino acid is no longer attached to the transfer RNA. Once the bonding is complete, the ribosome moves down once again and the transfer RNA is now in the â€Å"E† site, or the â€Å"exit† site and the transfer RNA leaves the ribosome and can find a free floating amino acid and be used again. Once the ribosome reaches the stop codon and the final amino acid has been attached to the long polypeptide chain, the ribosome subunits break apart and the messenger RNA strand is released along with the polypeptide. The messenger RNA may then go through translation again if more than one of the polypeptide chain is needed. The ribosome is also free to be reused. The polypeptide chain can then be put together with other polypeptides to create a fully functioning protein. The rate of translation and the amount of polypeptides created can drive evolution. If a messenger RNA strand is not translated right away, then its protein it codes for will not be expressed and can change the structure or function of an individual. Therefore, if many different proteins are translated and expressed, a species can evolve by expressing new genes that may not have been available in the gene pool before. Similarly, if an is not favorable, it may cause the gene to stop being expressed. This inhibition of the gene may occur by not transcribing the DNA region that codes for the protein, or it could happen by not translating the messenger RNA that was created during transcription.

The Women s Rights Movement - 1620 Words

Time Inc. reports that â€Å"as the attitude towards victims has improved over the last several years in the broader culture and by police, self-blame and shame has persisted among victims, leaving them just as unwilling to come forward.†(Gray. para. 10) The women’s rights movement is still going strong, and there have been major accomplishments for women within the last several decades. In 1968, the fair housing act made it no longer possible for a woman to be turned down by a landlord based solely on her being female. In 1986, the legal definition of ‘sexual harassment’ was adopted into law by the U.S. supreme court. Step by step changes are made and each victory is to be celebrated. This excerpt from the case of Catchpole v. Brannon clearly shows how a court will attempt to make a victim feel that she put herself in a position to be raped: THE WITNESS: I had forgiven him. I didn t hold a grudge. And then he told me he had a wife. I mean, all fear s [sic] flew out of my head then. To me, a wife and kids meant a complete family, um, safety, and he was just inviting me over to — THE COURT: But couldn t you have easily said, `No, not tonight. I m tired. I have got to go to school tomorrow. I ll talk about it later. Why not? Why didn t you say that? THE WITNESS: I — THE COURT: You don t know? THE WITNESS: I didn t feel that I could. (Leagle) In this case the appellant, Marie Catchpole, asserted claims of sexual harassment, assault and battery, and intentional andShow MoreRelatedThe Women s Rights Movement702 Words   |  3 Pagesthat the women’s rights movement in the United States failed to accomplish its goals in the early –mid 19th century because the slavery issue was never resolved is unfounded. In the early-mid 19th century, women began to demand change in American society, as they challenged the traditional roles of women politically, socially, and economically. - political, social, and economic change {Challenged the traditional views of women - pushed the boundaries – public sphere/life of women changed dramaticallyRead MoreThe Women s Rights Movement874 Words   |  4 Pages1848 to 1920, the women’s rights movement demonstrated the first true act of feminism, founded by a group of women rights activists to combat against women’s suffrage in the United States. By the 1960’s radical feminists also known as the woman’s liberation movement once again took up the fight for equality amongst men and woman, yet by the late 1990’s early 2000’s it had begun to change, losing its primary focus of fighting for a woman’s right, and becoming a burden on women today. The blowback fromRead MoreThe Women s Rights Movement1659 Words   |  7 Pagesmen and women, the women’s rights movement in Pakistan has just begun. People are starting to protest against discriminations that women face in their daily lives that disable them from having a voice in society. Some of these discriminations involve men being able to divorce their wives without her consent, women’s voices having half the weight of a man’s in court, and female heirs inheriting less money or property than a male heir (â€Å"Sharia†, 9). Groups like the Pakistani Women’s Rights OrganizationRead MoreThe Women s Rights Movement Essay987 Words   |  4 Pagesthat occurs is that women were never given the opportunity to voice their opinion on what kind of job that they should do. In addition, voting at this point of time for women was quite impractical. The wartime was a difficult time for women who wanted to capitalize on an opportunity. They wanted a job to prove to men that they are much stronger. However, there was hope when the U.S. woman’s rights movement began. A woman by the name of Elizabeth Cady Stanton started the movement at Seneca Falls, NewRead MoreThe Women s Rights Movement1366 Words   |  6 PagesW omen’s Rights Movement The equality women have today did not just happen over night.In this passage there will be evidence of an impowering fight that women over came to say WE ARE IMPORTANT TO!! All the brave strong women that fought this battle, along with the obstacles women still face today.Also the surprising fact that women’s rights also consists of racism and sexual orientation.This movement was necessary, and is truly an accomplishment in history. The first outbreak of confidentRead MoreThe Women s Rights Movement1091 Words   |  5 PagesAmerican history, women have constantly been suppressed. It was believed overall that women were not supposed to work, but to stay home, cook, clean, make clothes, and take care of the child(ren). Basically, a woman was considered her husband’s property. It was not until 1920s that women were finally able to get the rights they deserve, such as birth control, new divorce laws, and ultimately the right to vote, which was the main focus of the Women’s Rights Movement. This movement consisted of manyRead MoreThe Women s Rights Movement1547 Words   |  7 PagesFlorida SouthWestern State College The Women’s Rights Movement What was the significance of the Seneca Falls Convention on the Women’s Rights Movement? Jennifer Flores AMH2010 Mr. Stehlin 16 November 2015 The Women’s Rights Movement began in 1848 with the first assembly of women and men gathering to discuss the civil, social, and other conditions of women. The Seneca Falls Convention was the start of the women’s movement. The two women who organized this event were Lucretia Mott andRead MoreThe Women s Rights Movement1420 Words   |  6 Pageswomen’s rights movement in the United States in the early –mid 19th century did not fail to accomplish its goals, as slavery was not an issue women wanted to resolve (address?) In the early-mid 19th century, some women began to demand change in American society (as they challenged the traditional roles of women politically, socially, and economically?) -political, social, and economic change {challenged the traditional views of women - pushed the boundaries – public sphere/life of women changedRead MoreThe Women s Rights Movement881 Words   |  4 PagesThe Women’s Rights Movement, 1848–1920 1. â€Å"The first gathering devoted to women’s rights in the United States was held July 19–20, 1848, in Seneca Falls, New York.† 2. Principal organizers : Elizabeth Cady Stanton (a mother of four, the Quaker, abolitionist ) 3. Social and institutional barriers that limited women’s rights: family responsibilities, a lack of educational and economic opportunities, and the absence of a voice in political debates. 4. Stanton and Anthony created the National WomanRead MoreThe Women s Rights Movement1813 Words   |  8 PagesOver a hundred years ago, one event created chaos among gender roles and here are some of the initial factors of how rights for women started as a predicament which later began to evolve into a much larger problem that involved many people around the nations. Over the course of history, many issues had change the world to what it has become today. Many problems led to social, economic, and other changes. One small event is able to cause more obstacles, which eventually leads to larger complications

Media Analysis on the Privatization of Public Hospitals

Question: Discuss about theMedia Analysis on the Privatization of Public Hospitals. Answer: Introduction Australia has had a very long tradition that involves the provision of various health services by the private providers to private patients at a fee. There are also the provision of health services to public patients by a non-profit charitable or religious institutions. Up to the late 1970s, most of the numerous private hospitals aimed at making profits were small and mostly owned and run by various medical practitioners. However, there has been a development over the recent years in which there has been an increase in the expansion of the operation of the private hospitals aimed at making profits as many corporations have entered the market. There have been other changes in the private health sector due to the development of new technologies and more complex procedures which are undertaken in most of the private hospitals and the population ages. The private sector in Australia offers services to some of the patients in public hospitals under a contract with the government. The publ ic sector also provides clinical and non-clinical services to different public hospitals. Therefore, these interconnections have blurred the boundaries that should be there from the private health sector and the public health sector (Brown Barnett, 2004 p427). The government has privatized various public hospitals, for instance, Port Macquarie Base Hospital to provide affordable health services to the general public (Fox, 2013 p103). The press release to be analyzed in this article is from the NSW Nurses and Midwifery Association that is against the privatization of five major public hospitals which include Maitland, Bowral, Wyong, Shellharbour and Goulburn hospitals. The NSW Nurses and Midwifery Association argues that privatization of these hospitals will have adverse effects on the nurses, general public, and the government. The issues raised range from loss of employment, reduced safe patient care, lack of accountability, mismanagement of public funds among other problems (Nswn ma.asn.au, 2015). Discussion The media article states the struggles that are there from the NSW Nurses and Midwives Association and the Australian government. The New South Wales Nurses and Midwives Association is a union that represents the industrial interests of all nurses in New South Wales (Nswnma.asn.au, 2015). The association is so important in Australia since there is workforce shortage and these nurses are exploited (Sullivan, Lock Homer, 2011 p331). The article reveals that the NSW Nurses and Midwives Association is protesting the privatization of five public hospitals again. The association believes that privatization of these five hospitals will lead to numerous problems that will affect the whole society. The media article views the many adverse effects of privatization in various perspectives. The article highlights on the effects privatization will have on the nurses, the government, and the patients. Public-Private partnerships have been found to significantly affect the health staff negatively since when the public hospitals are privatized, the staff that was employed in the public hospitals finds no employment in the newly privatized hospitals. The private sector uses their set of health workers. Hence there are no positions for the old staff at the new hospitals. The article also states that the nurses will have little alternatives since the private sector is rigid and does not readily conform to changes. The media release also states that the Minister for Health, Jillian Skinner says that the only persons that will be offered employment in the newly privatized hospitals are the permanent staff if only a similar job to that they held in the public hospitals is available (The Sydney Morning Herald, 2017). These sentiments, therefore, means that the casual staff has few and limited rights. Effects on the Nurses The NSW Nurses and Midwives Association is fighting the privatization of the five public hospitals because its members are in the darkness in regards to their future working conditions and even the entitlements. The article argues that the nurses will be entitled to only a two-year employment guarantee after privatization and their contract can be terminated after the two year period. Privatization of the five major public hospitals also will leave the nurses and midwives with no opportunity to negotiate since the private investors are expected to be tougher in formulation and execution of their policies since they are strictly into business and their main aim is to make higher profits. The association is not happy with the privatization process as its members who are professional nurses and midwives are made to wait on the sideline as their prospects and projections are discussed and analyzed without consultations with them. The media release shows that the NSW Nurses and Midwives A ssociation is not pleased with the privatization of the five public hospitals as they were not consulted nor were they given any warning on these new developments. The association believes that they should have been informed earlier so that they could table the interests of the people that they represent. The media release shows that the NSW Nurses and Midwives Association is opposed to the ignorance of the government and the private health sector on the rights of the health workers and the community. The association is the introduction of the regulation that was involved in the termination of the redundancy entitlements of various public servants who are transferred from government employment to the non-government private sector (Nswnma.asn.au, 2015). Effects on the Patient Under the perspective of the patient, the article suggests that the patients will also be negatively affected. There will be reduced safe patient care due to the reduction of the quality of services offered in the private sector since the private investors try to minimize costs and maximize profits and are not much concerned about the welfare of the patients. Due to cost cutting, the private sector may not be able to provide quality health care via patient safety interventions and approaches. The private sector is interested in the revenues that the patient offer hence the best interests of the patients may not be at heart. The private hospitals can hold a patient even though they know they will not be able to improve his condition instead of referring him to other facilities that can handle his situation because they want to take his money. Privatization requires cultural and institutional change (Connell, 2010 p25). The patient may also not be treated due to lack of funds unless in public hospitals where the patients are treated for free or at a lower cost. The media release also reveals that the community has been kept in the dark as the government and the private sector have not involved the community in the decision-making process. The community needed to be part of decision-making since these changes affect them directly. The NSW Nurses and Midwives Association is aware of these problems that may face the patients if the five major hospitals are privatized. The privatization of these public hospitals will upset the nurse to patient ratios as the private health sector tries to minimize costs and maximize profits through employing few nurses to deal with the growing population (Nswnma.asn.au, 2015). The association is determined to pass this information to the general public so that they can join them in the fight again privatization of the five public hospitals. Effects on the Government From the government point of view, the media article states that the privatization of the five public hospitals will lead to the loss of the government ministered accountability since the private operators are involved in the management of government money (Acerete, Stafford Stapleton, 2012 p311). The private operators misuses the state resources and fully exploits them to serve their immediate purpose as they are only interested in profit making. The abuse of the government resources to maximize profit is because the private operators have a duty to the various stakeholders who are mostly after making money and profits. The private operators always promise affordable services to entice the government in privatizing public hospitals but most of the time their plans fails, and they go back to the government asking for more funds due to the underestimation of the demand. The government is usually forced to pay up, or it is made to take back the control of the hospitals and pay huge co mpensations to the private companies (Regan, Smith Love, 2011 p365). The media article reveals that the privatized hospital models have had a history of a high rate of failure in Australia. The example given is that of Port Macquarie Base Hospital which failed after privatization. Interrelations between Various Parties The article indicates that there are various ways in which the public health sector and the private health sector interrelates. The primary relationship method is through privatization of the public hospitals as well as the private provision of numerous services for public patients. The Australian government has made many arrangements which combine both the private and the public sectors in management, ownership, service delivery as well as financing of the hospitals. The privatization of public hospitals by the Australian government is mainly due to the financial constraints experienced by the government which usually limits the capacity to make new investments or expand the facilities that are found in the public hospitals (Domberger Rimmer, 2008 p445). There is a perception also that there will be cost sharing which leads to the improvements in the quality of health care via the private sector involvement. The other links are through outsourcing of clinical and also non-clinical services in the public hospitals, and purchase of services from the public sector by the private hospitals. Although there is the outsourcing of non-clinical services by the private contractors, privatization does not guarantee employment of non-clinical staff. These services include laundry, catering, maintenance, car park, cleaning, and security. The NSW Nurses and Midwives Association claims that the subordinate staff will lose their employment as the private contractors may reshuffle the employs and terminate some employments as a means of cutting cost and increasing profits (Nswnma.asn.au, 2015). Benefits of Privatization However the media article is mainly focused on the downside of the privatization of public hospitals by use of colored language, some advantages are attributed to the privatization of public hospitals. Privatization enables the reduction of duplication of services between the public and private sectors allowing the government to take advantage of the excess private capacity to meet the unmet public sector demands (Hodge Greve, 2007 p547). The government can get private financing hence being able to achieve public policy goal (Sekhri, Feachem Ni, 2011 p1498). There is also increase in the flexibility in the service provision allowing the issue of unmet health demand in the public sector to get a sufficient attention as well as increased choice for patients and better quality services (Braithwaite, Travaglia Corbett, 2011 p133). The privatization enables the sharing of infrastructure costs since there is the high cost of health capital as well as risk transfer which leads to enhance d efficiency (Siddiquee, 2011 p129). These advantages are the probable cause of the need to privatize the five public hospitals by the Australian government. Methods used by the Media The media release portrays the ideological viewpoint of the NSW Nurses and Midwives Association which argues that the Baird Government is not concerned with the welfare of its people as it is making policies and deals with the private health sector that do not represent the needs of the community or upholds the rights of the workers. The media uses many approaches to convince the general public the plights that await them if these hospitals are privatized. The media tries to air the various adverse outcomes in different perspectives as well as uses the evidence of Port Macquarie Base Hospital that failed after privatization. The author of this media article, the General Secretary of NSWNMA, Brett Holmes is an expert in the nursing field hence uses the media article to vividly discuss the many challenges that will face the health sector if the five hospitals are privatized (Nswnma.asn.au, 2015).The media article uses emotive language as it cites various instances where the rights of t he nurses have been violated and the suffering associated with those violations. The reader of the media release is a watcher who the NSW Nurses and Midwives Association tries to explain to the problems that the Australian health sector is about to face if those hospitals are privatized. The perspective of the private contractors is left out although it is important. The private contractors are a source of revenue to the government hence their point of view is important. The article convinces me fully on the adverse effects of privatization especially the failure of Port Macquarie Base Hospital which makes the claims of the association seem real. Different people will react differently especially those that benefit from the privatization, for example, the private investors. They will rubbish the claims of the press release. The question that lingers in my mind as I read this media release is where the government advisers are? This is because the government is making a mistake that it has made once again of privatizing public hospitals which are doomed to fail. Conclusion The media release by New South Wales Nurses and Midwives Association is an argument against the privatization of five public hospitals. The arguments are balanced among the perspectives of the government, nurses and the general public. The article uses emotive language as well as retaining the formal tone of the recognized nurses association. The article explains that the patients will suffer as there is the risk of reduced safe patient care while the nurses have job insecurities if the hospitals are privatized. The government also will suffer financially as the private hospitals will keep asking for incentives or worse compensation (Nswnma.asn.au, 2015). The Association urges the government to change the policies and stop the privatization process. Recommendations The government needs to hold talks with the NSW Nurses and Midwifery Association on the better plans to improve patient care without privatization of these five hospitals. The involved stakeholders need to be all involved in the decision making since these changes affects all the parties. References Acerete, B., Stafford, A. and Stapleton, P., 2012. New development: New global health care PPP developmentsa critique of the success story. Public Money Management, 32(4), pp.311-314. Braithwaite, J., Travaglia, J.F. and Corbett, A., 2011. Can questions of the privatization and corporatization, and the autonomy and accountability of public hospitals, ever be resolved?. Health Care Analysis, 19(2), pp.133-153. Brown, L. and Barnett, J.R., 2004. Is the corporate transformation of hospitals creating a new hybrid health care space? A case study of the impact of co-location of public and private hospitals in Australia. Social Science Medicine, 58(2), pp.427-444. Connell, R., 2010. Understanding neoliberalism. Neoliberalism and everyday life, 23. Connell, R., Fawcett, B. and Meagher, G., 2009. Neoliberalism, new public management and the human service professions: Introduction to the special issue. Journal of Sociology, 45(4), pp.331-338. Domberger, S. and Rimmer, S., 2008. Competitive tendering and contracting in the public sector: A survey. International journal of the economics of business, 1(3), pp.439-453. Fox, K.J. ed., 2013. Efficiency in the public sector (Vol. 1). Springer Science Business Media. Hodge, G.A. and Greve, C., 2007. Publicprivate partnerships: an international performance review. Public administration review, 67(3), pp.545-558. Nswnma.asn.au, (2015). NSW Nurses and Midwifery Association. [Online] Available at: https://www.nswnma.asn.au/ [Accessed 12 May.2017] Nswnma.asn.au, (2015). NSW Nurses and Midwifery Association. [Online] Available at: https://www.nswnma.asn.au/public-hospital-privatisation-a-sad-day-for-nsw/ [Accessed 12 May.2017] Parliament of Australia, (n.d). Chapter 6-The interference between private and public hospitals. [Online] Available at: https://www.aph.gov.au/Parliamentary_Business/Committees/Senate/Community_Affairs/Completed_inquiries/1999-02/pubhosp/report/c06/ [Accessed 12 May.2017] Regan, M., Smith, J. and Love, P., 2011. Infrastructure procurement: learning from privatepublic partnership experiences down under. Environment and planning C: Government and policy, 29(2), pp.363-378. Sekhri, N., Feachem, R. and Ni, A., 2011. Public-private integrated partnerships demonstrate the potential to improve health care access, quality, and efficiency. Health affairs, 30(8), pp.1498-1507. Siddiquee, N.A., 2011. Rhetoric and reality of publicprivate partnerships: Learning points from the Australian experience. Asian Journal of Political Science, 19(2), pp.129-148. Sullivan, K., Lock, L. and Homer, C.S., 2011. Factors that contribute to midwives staying in midwifery: a study in one area health service in New South Wales, Australia. Midwifery, 27(3), pp.331-335 The Sydney morning herald, (2017). Five NSW hospitals to be privatized under Surprise plan. [Online] Available at: https://www.smh.com.au/nsw/five-nsw-hospitals-to-be-privatised-under-surprise-plan-20160915-grh6mq.html/ [Accessed 12 May.2017]

Impact of Globalization for Siemens Company- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theImpact of Globalization for Siemens Company. Answer: Globalization, which has been termed as that process where individual countries become less influential in relation to their cross-national bodies, is continuing to make the world a global village. This has impacted on the international community and companies in one way or the other. Siemens, for example, is a multinational organization which offers electrical and electronic devices is greatly affected by globalization in their quest to improve their global market (Stefan, 2006). With headquarters based in Germany, the company aims to dominate the spectrum of electrical and electronic engineering in the world and as such, globalization is a major factor. Therefore, this paper assesses and explains the impacts of globalization and emerging markets on Siemens Company. In the current world, there are several market opportunities that are arising. This has been greatly facilitated by globalization which has not only reformed market policies from the various governments into having a free market economy but also eliminated market barriers (Gregg Rey, 2006). Therefore, Siemens Company has found a leak way to expand its electronic markets to the new emanating markets across the world. Moreover, the transformation has made it possible for the company to access different world markets in the attempts to expand its market share. Considering the electrical and electronic operations of Siemens Enterprise, globalization has manifested a lot in the technology acquisition and advancement. Having operated for several decades, the company is seeking new ways to reduce the cost of production through technological advancements. According to Steger, this leads to quality products to keep its customers on the move (2010). Additionally, there is increased sharing of technological ideas with various companies worldwide. This increases technological innovations and inventions for the companys benefit. The emerging markets are in demand for latest technologies and therefore the Siemens Company also makes tremendous efforts to be updated so as to increase their sales. Globalization, therefore, accelerates the speed of technology transfer and advancement. Hence the company makes good use of this fact and rapidly updates itself so as to capture the customers and market expectations. Further, globalization is a major factor when it comes to competition for the available and emerging markets. There are companies that share a common field of production as the Siemens Company. These companies compete for the market dominance and as such, every company has to keep its game on top so as to succeed. In most cases, competition is usually good due to the fact that it leads to the production of high-quality products for consumers. The customers do have a large multiple of choices and prefer to go for quality and price. Fortunately, competition is even enhanced by globalization and this does affect the operations of Siemens companies in most cases (Burstein and Vogel, 2010). Also, globalization has impacted differently on the diversification of the management structure for the Siemens company profile. The introduction of a global picture has also brought about a new company structure with an aim of serving the world market. There has been decentralization of some managerial offices to different parts of the globe (Gorodnichenko Terrell, 2010). This has made it easy to locally make good use of the companys reputation to maintain the local customers. There are different cultures across the world with different desires or demand. Therefore, having a local management team ensures that the company gets well conversant with the nature of demand required at the locality. Hence, globalization has called for the establishment of several managerial units worldwide so as to effectively communicate with the customers on the ground and provide their desires as expected. Moreover, there has been easy access to cheap labor and raw materials which are a positive impact to the Siemens Company attributed to globalization. For instance, the company set up some retail outlets in the emerging markets in different parts of continents such as Asia, Europe, Australia, and America. As a result, they managed to acquire some cheap but skilled labor force which varied among the locations (Steger, 2010). Also, there were several readily available materials in some continents. Some authors do argue that globalization is a stabilizing factor in the world economy. However, according to the theory of conventional economy, globalization also poses some negative impacts towards the operation of international organizations. The theory further illustrates that the benefits of globalization will be short-lived and the economy will turn against us of the economic downturn extends for a long period and nothing was done for the giant companies like Siemens (Iammarino et al., 2008). Conclusion The Siemens Company has continued to strategize on its production despite being in the industry for several decades. However, much still needs to be done for it to outdoor its competitors and gain adequate stability. As such, the company should be recommended to improve on their level of management coordination, work on their policies and promotions and provide good pay scale to employees. These recommendations will boost the productivity of the company for the better outcome. Reference Stefan Becker, F. (2006). Globalization, curricula reform and the consequences for engineers working in an international company.European Journal of Engineering Education,31(3), 261-272. Burstein, A., Vogel, J. (2010).Globalization, technology, and the skill premium: A quantitative analysis(No. w16459). National Bureau of Economic Research. Gorodnichenko, Y., Svejnar, J., Terrell, K. (2010). Globalization and innovation in emerging markets.American Economic Journal: Macroeconomics,2(2), 194-226. Gregg, F., Rey, H. (2006). Globalization and emerging markets: With or without crash?.The American Economic Review,96(5), 1631-1651. Iammarino, S., Padilla-Prez, R., Von Tunzelmann, N. (2008). Technological capabilities and globallocal interactions: the electronics industry in two Mexican regions.World Development,36(10), 1980-2003. Steger, M. B. (2010).Globalization. John Wiley Sons, Ltd.

Berger Tompkins And Rich Essays - Human Sexuality,

Berger Tompkins And Rich Language and images are usually a way to express what someone is thinking, however, language and images can often restrict our thinking in various ways. Susan Douglas, in her essay ,"Narcissism As Liberation", writes about "the great myth...that superficial appearances can be equated with a person's deepest character strengths and weaknesses"(128). The image of what a "beautiful" and what is not is an image that is constantly restricted in our minds. These restrictions come from television, movies, or many other things that people encounter. John Berger in "Ways of Seeing", proclaims that "men survey woman before treating them. Consequently how a woman appears to a man can determine how she will be treated"(46). This further shows what these restrictions do in our everyday lives. Adrienne Rich in her essay "When We Awaken: Writing As Re-Vision" gives her theories on how to free people from these restrictions mainly through "re-vision". One image that is restricted in our minds is the concept of beauty, that is seen in advertising. These restriction are put on women. The image of what beauty is, in regard to women, is perpetuated though advertising. Through the advertising and on a larger scale the media, women are told about "perfect faces and bodies, and the psychologically , politically, and economically punitive measures taken against women who fail to be young, thin, and beautiful"(133). They are made to feel inferior if they are not considered attractive, so they feel the need to purchase what is being advertised. Berger agrees that women are often victims of these restriction when he says, "a women's presence...is manifest in her gestures, voice, opinion, expressions, clothes"(46). He believes that women are judged because of this image. This image that today is put on the public by ads that we are subject to wherever we are. It is extremely difficult to break free from our limited thoughts. Adrienne Rich also sees these restriction in another form ,writing. She says that when men wrote about women and that most of them were about beautiful women "threatened with the loss of beauty, the loss of youth-the fate worse than death"(553). This writing is similar to the advertising that Douglas talks about. Similar in that not being what is deemed beautiful is a horrible thing to be avoided at all costs. Rich also sees the paradox of what images and language do to our minds, "language has trapped as well as liberated us"(551). However, Rich gives a way to possibly break free from these restrictions. This idea that can liberate us is a process called "re-vision". This concept is described as "the act of looking back, of seeing with fresh eyes, of entering an old text from a new critical direction"(550). Rich believes that this process is essential for women to further become an emancipated people. She says re-vision "is for women more than a chapter in cultural history: it is an act of survival"(550). Rich plans a way for women to break free from restriction put upon them. This process could work for the restricted image of beauty that Berger and Douglas articulate. First, she says that "until we can understand the assumptions in which we are drenched we cannot know ourselves"(550).So women must come to recognize what advertising is doing to them. They must see through the "I'm worth it" and "'You've come a long way, baby'" slogans that they are "drenched" with all of the time. Douglas believes that marketers "set up standards of perfection that were cast as unattainable yet somehow within reach if only the right product were purchased"(127).Rich also relates this loss of beauty when she says that men wrote about women and that most of them were about beautiful women "threatened with the loss of beauty, the loss of youth-the fate worse than death"(553).These advertisers already know that the method of making women feel inferior is a formula that works. If all women can posses this knowledge, then they can avoid the feelings that are a product of this kind of advertising. Thus they will not purchase the products, then these marketing campaigns will probably veer of in different directions, leading to the end of these type of advertisements. This could be the first step of re-vision to avoid and liberate our minds from the restrictions they already have. Another way that women are restricted by this image of beauty, is their yearning to pretty because they want be treated as well as men are in our society. Berger says that women are judged by their appearances. He says that

The Final Debate essays

The Final Debate essays The third and last debate was held on Wednesday, October 13, 2004. The debate, between President George Bush and Senator John Kerry, was a debate on domestic issues. Overall, I believe George Bush won the debate because he enforced equality among Americans, assured seniors about the Social Security system, and stated the facts on education in the country. Bush stated that improved education is the surest route to equality for all Americans. But let me talk about what's really important for the worker you're referring to, and that's to make sure the education system works, it's to make sure we raise standards. Listen, the No Child Left Behind Act is really a jobs act, when you think about it. The No Child Left Behind Act says we'll raise standards, we'll increase federal spending. But in return for extra spending, we now want people to measure, states and local jurisdictions to measure, to show us whether or not a child can read or write or add and subtract, said President Bush. President Bush assures that each child will obtain the necessary education to receive a college diploma. Bush shows that by measuring early, when they find a problem, they spend extra money to correct it. When Bush was asked about the estimated $1 trillion deficit the Social Security system faces, he sought to assure seniors that they are still going to get their checks as he tries to get Congress to consider reforms that would partially privatize the system for younger workers. I remember the 2000 campaign people said if George W. gets elected, your check will be taken away. Well, people got their checks. And they'll continue to get their checks, stated the President. Bush proved that the seniors continued to get their checks. Last, after Kerry accused Bush of cutting Pell Grants, a need-based college scholarship, Bush altered the accusation when he pointed out accurately that about 1 million more st ...

Choose one of these photographs to analyse the context of play ( Early Assignment

Choose one of these photographs to analyse the context of play ( Early childhood education ) - Assignment Example The materials that these children have to play include; a handcart, tins, pieces of wood, sticks, stones and long pieces of wood or metal. The context of play in figure 2 would suit children between five years and seven years. Children at this age have developed their fine motor and gross motor skills. These skills allow the children to hold things firmly enough to allow for their play. Children at this age are also particularly interested in play that requires initiative. They are learning to become autonomous and independent and are quite initiative at this stage. At this age, a child’s world gets filled with the magic of discovery, exploration and make-believe which is a means of development. This is what causes their interest in such games (Crowther, 2006). Creativity refers to turning new, imaginative ideas into reality. It requires passion and commitment. Imagination is the ability to form images and sensations without perceiving them through your senses. It is a creative faculty of the mind. Imagination is a power of the mind. Promotion of creativity and imagination in children’s play is extremely beneficial. This is because children make use of their imagination and creativity to interact and play with other people and things found in their environment (Wellhousen, 2004). They also use the level of creativity and imagination developed during play to make decisions in their day to day lives and solve problems. Imagination helps children develop critical thinking skills which are later on extremely necessary in life. Creativity is also crucial for development because it enables children to create solutions for their problems. It also teaches them how to make decisions (Sigelman, 2011). In the context of play in photo 2, we witness a lot of creativity and innovation taking place. The children are trying to place the long pieces of metal on the handcart. They have